Lunar Eclipses in Saros Series 37

This page lists all the lunar eclipses in saros series 37. The series contains 72 eclipses, occurring over 1280 years.

This series is partnered with solar Saros series 44.

Note that eclipse dates are specified relative to UT. You have not selected a timezone for eclipse timings, so all times are shown in UT (essentially GMT).
3 Apr, 1493 BC
max: 07:10 UT
Penumbral Lunar Eclipse
(penum. mag. 0.02; Saros 37)
In this extremely marginal eclipse, the Moon barely clipped the edge of the Earth's penumbral shadow. This caused a microscopic darkening of just 2% of the Moon's disc for 37 minutes and 36 seconds, which was essentially impossible to see.
   
14 Apr, 1475 BC
max: 14:49 UT
Penumbral Lunar Eclipse
(penum. mag. 0.13; Saros 37)
In this extremely marginal eclipse, the Moon barely clipped the edge of the Earth's penumbral shadow. This caused a microscopic darkening of just 13% of the Moon's disc for 1 hour and 37 minutes, which was essentially impossible to see.
   
24 Apr, 1457 BC
max: 22:22 UT
Penumbral Lunar Eclipse
(penum. mag. 0.26; Saros 37)
This very subtle penumbral eclipse was essentially invisible to the naked eye; though it lasted 2 hours and 13 minutes, just 26% of the Moon's disc was in partial shadow (with no part of it in complete shadow).
   
6 May, 1439 BC
max: 05:53 UT
Penumbral Lunar Eclipse
(penum. mag. 0.38; Saros 37)
This very subtle penumbral eclipse was essentially invisible to the naked eye; though it lasted 2 hours and 40 minutes, just 38% of the Moon's disc was in partial shadow (with no part of it in complete shadow).
   
16 May, 1421 BC
max: 13:22 UT
Penumbral Lunar Eclipse
(penum. mag. 0.51; Saros 37)
This very subtle penumbral eclipse was essentially invisible to the naked eye; though it lasted 3 hours and 4 minutes, just 51% of the Moon's disc was in partial shadow (with no part of it in complete shadow).
   
27 May, 1403 BC
max: 20:48 UT
Penumbral Lunar Eclipse
(penum. mag. 0.65; Saros 37)
This subtle penumbral eclipse may have been visible to a skilled observer at maximum eclipse. 65% of the Moon's disc was partially shaded by the Earth (none of it was in total shadow), which caused a gentle shadow gradient across its disc at maximum; the eclipse as a whole lasted 3 hours and 24 minutes.
   
7 Jun, 1385 BC
max: 04:15 UT
Penumbral Lunar Eclipse
(penum. mag. 0.78; Saros 37)
This subtle penumbral eclipse may have been visible to a skilled observer at maximum eclipse. 78% of the Moon's disc was partially shaded by the Earth (none of it was in total shadow), which caused a gentle shadow gradient across its disc at maximum; the eclipse as a whole lasted 3 hours and 41 minutes.
   
18 Jun, 1367 BC
max: 11:43 UT
Penumbral Lunar Eclipse
(penum. mag. 0.91; Saros 37)
The Moon approached within 5% of the Earth's umbral shadow at maximum eclipse; 91% of the Moon's disc was partially shaded by the Earth, with the overall eclipse lasting 3 hours and 56 minutes. While less dramatic than a partial eclipse (as no part of the Moon was in complete shadow), a shading across the Moon should have been readily visible to observers.
   
28 Jun, 1349 BC
max: 19:14 UT
Partial Lunar Eclipse
(umbral mag. 0.07; Saros 37)
A tiny bite out of the Moon may have been visible at maximum, though just 7% of the Moon was shadowed in a partial eclipse which lasted for 59 minutes and 6 seconds. A shading across the moon from the Earth's penumbral shadow should have been visible at maximum eclipse.
   
10 Jul, 1331 BC
max: 02:48 UT
Partial Lunar Eclipse
(umbral mag. 0.19; Saros 37)
At maximum eclipse, a small bite out of the Moon should have been visible. The eclipse lasted for 1 hour and 33 minutes, with just 19% of the Moon in shadow at maximum.
   
20 Jul, 1313 BC
max: 10:29 UT
Partial Lunar Eclipse
(umbral mag. 0.29; Saros 37)
The Earth's shadow on the moon was clearly visible in this eclipse, with 29% of the Moon in shadow; the partial eclipse lasted for 1 hour and 55 minutes.
   
31 Jul, 1295 BC
max: 18:14 UT
Partial Lunar Eclipse
(umbral mag. 0.38; Saros 37)
The Earth's shadow on the moon was clearly visible in this eclipse, with 38% of the Moon in shadow; the partial eclipse lasted for 2 hours and 11 minutes.
   
11 Aug, 1277 BC
max: 02:07 UT
Partial Lunar Eclipse
(umbral mag. 0.47; Saros 37)
The Earth's shadow on the moon was clearly visible in this eclipse, with 47% of the Moon in shadow; the partial eclipse lasted for 2 hours and 22 minutes.
   
22 Aug, 1259 BC
max: 10:06 UT
Partial Lunar Eclipse
(umbral mag. 0.54; Saros 37)
The Earth's shadow on the moon was clearly visible in this eclipse, with 54% of the Moon in shadow; the partial eclipse lasted for 2 hours and 31 minutes.
   
1 Sep, 1241 BC
max: 18:14 UT
Partial Lunar Eclipse
(umbral mag. 0.59; Saros 37)
The Earth's shadow on the moon was clearly visible in this eclipse, with 59% of the Moon in shadow; the partial eclipse lasted for 2 hours and 38 minutes.
   
13 Sep, 1223 BC
max: 02:29 UT
Partial Lunar Eclipse
(umbral mag. 0.64; Saros 37)
The Moon was strikingly shadowed in this deep partial eclipse which lasted 2 hours and 43 minutes, with 64% of the Moon in darkness at maximum.
   
23 Sep, 1205 BC
max: 10:50 UT
Partial Lunar Eclipse
(umbral mag. 0.67; Saros 37)
The Moon was strikingly shadowed in this deep partial eclipse which lasted 2 hours and 47 minutes, with 67% of the Moon in darkness at maximum.
   
4 Oct, 1187 BC
max: 19:19 UT
Partial Lunar Eclipse
(umbral mag. 0.69; Saros 37)
The Moon was strikingly shadowed in this deep partial eclipse which lasted 2 hours and 49 minutes, with 69% of the Moon in darkness at maximum.
   
15 Oct, 1169 BC
max: 03:53 UT
Partial Lunar Eclipse
(umbral mag. 0.70; Saros 37)
The Moon was strikingly shadowed in this deep partial eclipse which lasted 2 hours and 51 minutes, with 70% of the Moon in darkness at maximum.
   
26 Oct, 1151 BC
max: 12:33 UT
Partial Lunar Eclipse
(umbral mag. 0.70; Saros 37)
The Moon was strikingly shadowed in this deep partial eclipse which lasted 2 hours and 51 minutes, with 70% of the Moon in darkness at maximum.
   
5 Nov, 1133 BC
max: 21:13 UT
Partial Lunar Eclipse
(umbral mag. 0.70; Saros 37)
The Moon was strikingly shadowed in this deep partial eclipse which lasted 2 hours and 52 minutes, with 70% of the Moon in darkness at maximum.
   
17 Nov, 1115 BC
max: 05:57 UT
Partial Lunar Eclipse
(umbral mag. 0.70; Saros 37)
The Moon was strikingly shadowed in this deep partial eclipse which lasted 2 hours and 52 minutes, with 70% of the Moon in darkness at maximum.
   
27 Nov, 1097 BC
max: 14:40 UT
Partial Lunar Eclipse
(umbral mag. 0.69; Saros 37)
The Moon was strikingly shadowed in this deep partial eclipse which lasted 2 hours and 52 minutes, with 69% of the Moon in darkness at maximum.
   
8 Dec, 1079 BC
max: 23:21 UT
Partial Lunar Eclipse
(umbral mag. 0.69; Saros 37)
The Moon was strikingly shadowed in this deep partial eclipse which lasted 2 hours and 52 minutes, with 69% of the Moon in darkness at maximum.
   
19 Dec, 1061 BC
max: 07:58 UT
Partial Lunar Eclipse
(umbral mag. 0.69; Saros 37)
The Moon was strikingly shadowed in this deep partial eclipse which lasted 2 hours and 52 minutes, with 69% of the Moon in darkness at maximum.
   
30 Dec, 1043 BC
max: 16:30 UT
Partial Lunar Eclipse
(umbral mag. 0.69; Saros 37)
The Moon was strikingly shadowed in this deep partial eclipse which lasted 2 hours and 53 minutes, with 69% of the Moon in darkness at maximum.
   
10 Jan, 1024 BC
max: 00:54 UT
Partial Lunar Eclipse
(umbral mag. 0.71; Saros 37)
The Moon was strikingly shadowed in this deep partial eclipse which lasted 2 hours and 55 minutes, with 71% of the Moon in darkness at maximum.
   
21 Jan, 1006 BC
max: 09:11 UT
Partial Lunar Eclipse
(umbral mag. 0.74; Saros 37)
The Moon was strikingly shadowed in this deep partial eclipse which lasted 2 hours and 59 minutes, with 74% of the Moon in darkness at maximum.
   
31 Jan, 0988 BC
max: 17:18 UT
Partial Lunar Eclipse
(umbral mag. 0.78; Saros 37)
The Moon was strikingly shadowed in this deep partial eclipse which lasted 3 hours and 3 minutes, with 78% of the Moon in darkness at maximum.
   
12 Feb, 0970 BC
max: 01:16 UT
Partial Lunar Eclipse
(umbral mag. 0.83; Saros 37)
The Moon was strikingly shadowed in this deep partial eclipse which lasted 3 hours and 8 minutes, with 83% of the Moon in darkness at maximum.
   
22 Feb, 0952 BC
max: 09:02 UT
Partial Lunar Eclipse
(umbral mag. 0.90; Saros 37)
The Moon was almost covered by the Earth's shadow in a very deep partial eclipse, which lasted 3 hours and 14 minutes. With 90% of the Moon in shadow at maximum eclipse, this was quite a memorable event.
   
5 Mar, 0934 BC
max: 16:39 UT
Partial Lunar Eclipse
(umbral mag. 0.99; Saros 37)
The Moon was almost covered by the Earth's shadow in a very deep partial eclipse, which lasted 3 hours and 20 minutes. With 99% of the Moon in shadow at maximum eclipse, this was quite a memorable event.
   
16 Mar, 0916 BC
max: 00:04 UT
Total Lunar Eclipse
(umbral mag. 1.08; Saros 37)
A shallow total eclipse saw the Moon in relative darkness for 45 minutes and 6 seconds. The Moon was 8% of its diameter into the Earth's umbral shadow, and should have been significantly darkened. The partial eclipse lasted for 3 hours and 27 minutes in total.
   
27 Mar, 0898 BC
max: 07:22 UT
Total Lunar Eclipse
(umbral mag. 1.19; Saros 37)
A shallow total eclipse saw the Moon in relative darkness for 1 hour and 6 minutes. The Moon was 19% of its diameter into the Earth's umbral shadow, and should have been significantly darkened. The partial eclipse lasted for 3 hours and 33 minutes in total.
   
6 Apr, 0880 BC
max: 14:27 UT
Total Lunar Eclipse
(umbral mag. 1.32; Saros 37)
The Moon was plunged into darkness for 1 hour and 22 minutes, in a deep total eclipse which saw the Moon 32% of its diameter inside the Earth's umbral shadow. The visual effect of this depends on the state of the Earth's atmosphere, but the Moon may have been stained a deep red colour. The partial eclipse lasted for 3 hours and 39 minutes in total.
   
17 Apr, 0862 BC
max: 21:26 UT
Total Lunar Eclipse
(umbral mag. 1.45; Saros 37)
The Moon was plunged into darkness for 1 hour and 33 minutes, in a deep total eclipse which saw the Moon 45% of its diameter inside the Earth's umbral shadow. The visual effect of this depends on the state of the Earth's atmosphere, but the Moon may have been stained a deep red colour. The partial eclipse lasted for 3 hours and 44 minutes in total.
   
28 Apr, 0844 BC
max: 04:17 UT
Total Lunar Eclipse
(umbral mag. 1.59; Saros 37)
A dramatic total eclipse lasting 1 hour and 40 minutes plunged the full Moon into deep darkness, as it passed right through the centre of the Earth's umbral shadow. While the visual effect of a total eclipse is variable, the Moon may have been stained a deep orange or red colour at maximum eclipse. This was a great spectacle for everyone who saw it. The partial eclipse lasted for 3 hours and 48 minutes in total.
   
9 May, 0826 BC
max: 11:04 UT
Total Lunar Eclipse
(umbral mag. 1.74; Saros 37)
A dramatic total eclipse lasting 1 hour and 44 minutes plunged the full Moon into deep darkness, as it passed right through the centre of the Earth's umbral shadow. While the visual effect of a total eclipse is variable, the Moon may have been stained a deep orange or red colour at maximum eclipse. This was a great spectacle for everyone who saw it. The partial eclipse lasted for 3 hours and 50 minutes in total.
   
19 May, 0808 BC
max: 17:44 UT
Total Lunar Eclipse
(umbral mag. 1.78; Saros 37)
A dramatic total eclipse lasting 1 hour and 45 minutes plunged the full Moon into deep darkness, as it passed right through the centre of the Earth's umbral shadow. While the visual effect of a total eclipse is variable, the Moon may have been stained a deep orange or red colour at maximum eclipse. This was a great spectacle for everyone who saw it. The partial eclipse lasted for 3 hours and 51 minutes in total.
   
31 May, 0790 BC
max: 00:23 UT
Total Lunar Eclipse
(umbral mag. 1.62; Saros 37)
A dramatic total eclipse lasting 1 hour and 42 minutes plunged the full Moon into deep darkness, as it passed right through the centre of the Earth's umbral shadow. While the visual effect of a total eclipse is variable, the Moon may have been stained a deep orange or red colour at maximum eclipse. This was a great spectacle for everyone who saw it. The partial eclipse lasted for 3 hours and 50 minutes in total.
   
10 Jun, 0772 BC
max: 07:00 UT
Total Lunar Eclipse
(umbral mag. 1.46; Saros 37)
The Moon was plunged into darkness for 1 hour and 34 minutes, in a deep total eclipse which saw the Moon 46% of its diameter inside the Earth's umbral shadow. The visual effect of this depends on the state of the Earth's atmosphere, but the Moon may have been stained a deep red colour. The partial eclipse lasted for 3 hours and 47 minutes in total.
   
21 Jun, 0754 BC
max: 13:38 UT
Total Lunar Eclipse
(umbral mag. 1.31; Saros 37)
The Moon was plunged into darkness for 1 hour and 22 minutes, in a deep total eclipse which saw the Moon 31% of its diameter inside the Earth's umbral shadow. The visual effect of this depends on the state of the Earth's atmosphere, but the Moon may have been stained a deep red colour. The partial eclipse lasted for 3 hours and 43 minutes in total.
   
1 Jul, 0736 BC
max: 20:17 UT
Total Lunar Eclipse
(umbral mag. 1.15; Saros 37)
A shallow total eclipse saw the Moon in relative darkness for 1 hour and 1 minute. The Moon was 15% of its diameter into the Earth's umbral shadow, and should have been significantly darkened. The partial eclipse lasted for 3 hours and 36 minutes in total.
   
13 Jul, 0718 BC
max: 03:01 UT
Total Lunar Eclipse
(umbral mag. 1.01; Saros 37)
The Moon barely edged into total eclipse for just 14 minutes and 36 seconds. With the Moon just barely inside the Earth's umbral shadow, the Moon may have been quite bright, but even so, this should have been worth seeing. The partial eclipse lasted for 3 hours and 29 minutes in total.
   
23 Jul, 0700 BC
max: 09:50 UT
Partial Lunar Eclipse
(umbral mag. 0.87; Saros 37)
The Moon was strikingly shadowed in this deep partial eclipse which lasted 3 hours and 19 minutes, with 87% of the Moon in darkness at maximum.
   
3 Aug, 0682 BC
max: 16:44 UT
Partial Lunar Eclipse
(umbral mag. 0.75; Saros 37)
The Moon was strikingly shadowed in this deep partial eclipse which lasted 3 hours and 9 minutes, with 75% of the Moon in darkness at maximum.
   
13 Aug, 0664 BC
max: 23:47 UT
Partial Lunar Eclipse
(umbral mag. 0.63; Saros 37)
The Moon was strikingly shadowed in this deep partial eclipse which lasted 2 hours and 58 minutes, with 63% of the Moon in darkness at maximum.
   
25 Aug, 0646 BC
max: 06:57 UT
Partial Lunar Eclipse
(umbral mag. 0.53; Saros 37)
The Earth's shadow on the moon was clearly visible in this eclipse, with 53% of the Moon in shadow; the partial eclipse lasted for 2 hours and 46 minutes.
   
4 Sep, 0628 BC
max: 14:15 UT
Partial Lunar Eclipse
(umbral mag. 0.45; Saros 37)
The Earth's shadow on the moon was clearly visible in this eclipse, with 45% of the Moon in shadow; the partial eclipse lasted for 2 hours and 34 minutes.
   
15 Sep, 0610 BC
max: 21:42 UT
Partial Lunar Eclipse
(umbral mag. 0.38; Saros 37)
The Earth's shadow on the moon was clearly visible in this eclipse, with 38% of the Moon in shadow; the partial eclipse lasted for 2 hours and 23 minutes.
   
26 Sep, 0592 BC
max: 05:18 UT
Partial Lunar Eclipse
(umbral mag. 0.32; Saros 37)
The Earth's shadow on the moon was clearly visible in this eclipse, with 32% of the Moon in shadow; the partial eclipse lasted for 2 hours and 13 minutes.
   
7 Oct, 0574 BC
max: 13:02 UT
Partial Lunar Eclipse
(umbral mag. 0.27; Saros 37)
The Earth's shadow on the moon was clearly visible in this eclipse, with 27% of the Moon in shadow; the partial eclipse lasted for 2 hours and 4 minutes.
   
17 Oct, 0556 BC
max: 20:52 UT
Partial Lunar Eclipse
(umbral mag. 0.24; Saros 37)
The Earth's shadow on the moon was clearly visible in this eclipse, with 24% of the Moon in shadow; the partial eclipse lasted for 1 hour and 57 minutes.
   
29 Oct, 0538 BC
max: 04:49 UT
Partial Lunar Eclipse
(umbral mag. 0.22; Saros 37)
The Earth's shadow on the moon was clearly visible in this eclipse, with 22% of the Moon in shadow; the partial eclipse lasted for 1 hour and 52 minutes.
   
8 Nov, 0520 BC
max: 12:51 UT
Partial Lunar Eclipse
(umbral mag. 0.20; Saros 37)
The Earth's shadow on the moon was clearly visible in this eclipse, with 20% of the Moon in shadow; the partial eclipse lasted for 1 hour and 48 minutes.
   
19 Nov, 0502 BC
max: 20:56 UT
Partial Lunar Eclipse
(umbral mag. 0.19; Saros 37)
At maximum eclipse, a small bite out of the Moon should have been visible. The eclipse lasted for 1 hour and 46 minutes, with just 19% of the Moon in shadow at maximum.
   
30 Nov, 0484 BC
max: 05:02 UT
Partial Lunar Eclipse
(umbral mag. 0.18; Saros 37)
At maximum eclipse, a small bite out of the Moon should have been visible. The eclipse lasted for 1 hour and 43 minutes, with just 18% of the Moon in shadow at maximum.
   
11 Dec, 0466 BC
max: 13:08 UT
Partial Lunar Eclipse
(umbral mag. 0.18; Saros 37)
At maximum eclipse, a small bite out of the Moon should have been visible. The eclipse lasted for 1 hour and 41 minutes, with just 18% of the Moon in shadow at maximum.
   
21 Dec, 0448 BC
max: 21:12 UT
Partial Lunar Eclipse
(umbral mag. 0.16; Saros 37)
At maximum eclipse, a small bite out of the Moon should have been visible. The eclipse lasted for 1 hour and 38 minutes, with just 16% of the Moon in shadow at maximum.
   
2 Jan, 0429 BC
max: 05:12 UT
Partial Lunar Eclipse
(umbral mag. 0.15; Saros 37)
At maximum eclipse, a small bite out of the Moon should have been visible. The eclipse lasted for 1 hour and 33 minutes, with just 15% of the Moon in shadow at maximum.
   
12 Jan, 0411 BC
max: 13:06 UT
Partial Lunar Eclipse
(umbral mag. 0.12; Saros 37)
At maximum eclipse, a small bite out of the Moon should have been visible. The eclipse lasted for 1 hour and 25 minutes, with just 12% of the Moon in shadow at maximum.
   
23 Jan, 0393 BC
max: 20:53 UT
Partial Lunar Eclipse
(umbral mag. 0.09; Saros 37)
A tiny bite out of the Moon may have been visible at maximum, though just 9% of the Moon was shadowed in a partial eclipse which lasted for 1 hour and 12 minutes. A shading across the moon from the Earth's penumbral shadow should have been visible at maximum eclipse.
   
3 Feb, 0375 BC
max: 04:32 UT
Partial Lunar Eclipse
(umbral mag. 0.04; Saros 37)
A tiny bite out of the Moon may have been visible at maximum, though just 4% of the Moon was shadowed in a partial eclipse which lasted for 48 minutes and 42 seconds. A shading across the moon from the Earth's penumbral shadow should have been visible at maximum eclipse.
   
14 Feb, 0357 BC
max: 12:02 UT
Penumbral Lunar Eclipse
(penum. mag. 1.07; Saros 37)
In a rare total penumbral eclipse, the entire Moon was partially shaded by the Earth (though none of it was in complete shadow), and the shading across the Moon should have been quite visible at maximum eclipse. The penumbral phase lasted for 4 hours and 51 minutes in all, though for most of it, the eclipse was extremely difficult or impossible to see.
   
24 Feb, 0339 BC
max: 19:24 UT
Penumbral Lunar Eclipse
(penum. mag. 0.99; Saros 37)
At maximum eclipse, 99% of the Moon's disc was partially shaded by the Earth, which caused a slight shadow gradient across its disc; this subtle effect may have been visible to careful observers. No part of the Moon was in complete shadow. The eclipse lasted 4 hours and 42 minutes overall.
   
7 Mar, 0321 BC
max: 02:36 UT
Penumbral Lunar Eclipse
(penum. mag. 0.90; Saros 37)
This subtle penumbral eclipse may have been visible to a skilled observer at maximum eclipse. 90% of the Moon's disc was partially shaded by the Earth (none of it was in total shadow), which caused a gentle shadow gradient across its disc at maximum; the eclipse as a whole lasted 4 hours and 31 minutes.
   
18 Mar, 0303 BC
max: 09:41 UT
Penumbral Lunar Eclipse
(penum. mag. 0.80; Saros 37)
This subtle penumbral eclipse may have been visible to a skilled observer at maximum eclipse. 80% of the Moon's disc was partially shaded by the Earth (none of it was in total shadow), which caused a gentle shadow gradient across its disc at maximum; the eclipse as a whole lasted 4 hours and 17 minutes.
   
28 Mar, 0285 BC
max: 16:37 UT
Penumbral Lunar Eclipse
(penum. mag. 0.68; Saros 37)
This subtle penumbral eclipse may have been visible to a skilled observer at maximum eclipse. 68% of the Moon's disc was partially shaded by the Earth (none of it was in total shadow), which caused a gentle shadow gradient across its disc at maximum; the eclipse as a whole lasted 3 hours and 59 minutes.
   
8 Apr, 0267 BC
max: 23:26 UT
Penumbral Lunar Eclipse
(penum. mag. 0.56; Saros 37)
This very subtle penumbral eclipse was essentially invisible to the naked eye; though it lasted 3 hours and 38 minutes, just 56% of the Moon's disc was in partial shadow (with no part of it in complete shadow).
   
19 Apr, 0249 BC
max: 06:10 UT
Penumbral Lunar Eclipse
(penum. mag. 0.42; Saros 37)
This very subtle penumbral eclipse was essentially invisible to the naked eye; though it lasted 3 hours and 12 minutes, just 42% of the Moon's disc was in partial shadow (with no part of it in complete shadow).
   
30 Apr, 0231 BC
max: 12:49 UT
Penumbral Lunar Eclipse
(penum. mag. 0.28; Saros 37)
This very subtle penumbral eclipse was essentially invisible to the naked eye; though it lasted 2 hours and 38 minutes, just 28% of the Moon's disc was in partial shadow (with no part of it in complete shadow).
   
10 May, 0213 BC
max: 19:26 UT
Penumbral Lunar Eclipse
(penum. mag. 0.14; Saros 37)
In this extremely marginal eclipse, the Moon barely clipped the edge of the Earth's penumbral shadow. This caused a microscopic darkening of just 14% of the Moon's disc for 1 hour and 52 minutes, which was essentially impossible to see.